أدوات الاستفهام (Wh- Questions)
تُستخدم هذه الأدوات للحصول على معلومات، لا مجرد إجابة بنعم أو لا:
- What: ماذا، ما. What is your name?
- Where: أين. Where do you work?
- When: متى. When does the office open?
- Who: من. Who is your manager?
- Why: لماذا. Why are you late?
- How: كيف. How do you go to work?
- Which: أيّ (للاختيار من عدد محدد). Which department do you prefer?
- Whose: لمن. Whose laptop is this?
عبارات مركبة مع How
- How old: كم العمر. How old are you?
- How many: كم العدد (للمعدود). How many employees are there?
- How much: كم الكمية أو السعر (لغير المعدود). How much does it cost?
- How often: كم مرة. How often do you travel?
- How long: كم المدة. How long is the meeting?
ترتيب السؤال
القاعدة: أداة الاستفهام + فعل مساعد + الفاعل + الفعل الأساسي.
- مع فعل الكينونة: Where is the manager?
- مع المضارع البسيط: What time do you start work?
- مع المضارع المستمر: What are they discussing?
- مع الماضي البسيط: When did you graduate?
حالة خاصة: السؤال عن الفاعل
إذا كانت Who أو What هي الفاعل نفسه فلا نستخدم do أو did: Who called you? (من الذي اتصل؟) What happened? أما إذا سألنا عن المفعول به فنستخدمها: Who did you call? (بمن اتصلت أنت؟)
تقديم النفس (Introducing Yourself)
في المقابلات أو أول يوم عمل نحتاج إلى عبارات جاهزة:
- Hello, my name is Fatima Ali.
- I'm from Misrata, but I live in Tripoli.
- I'm 21 years old.
- I study business administration at Sarh Al-Elm Institute.
- I'm in my first semester.
- I'm interested in accounting and marketing.
- Nice to meet you.
والرد عند التعارف: Nice to meet you, too.
أسئلة شائعة في مقابلة عمل
- What's your name?
- Where are you from?
- What do you study?
- Why do you want this job?
- What are your strengths?
- When can you start?
عبارات مهذبة في مكان العمل
- Could you help me, please?
- Excuse me, where is the meeting room?
- Thank you very much. / You're welcome.
- I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you repeat that, please?
حوار نموذجي
A: Good morning. Welcome to our company. What's your name?
B: Good morning. My name is Ahmed Salem.
A: Nice to meet you, Ahmed. Where do you live?
B: I live in Zliten.
A: What do you study?
B: I study business administration.
A: How often do you use computers?
B: I use them every day.
A: When did you finish secondary school?
B: I finished it last year.
A: Great. Who told you about this job?
B: My teacher told me about it.
تدريب
اكتب سؤالاً مناسباً لكل إجابة:
- I work in the sales department. السؤال: Where do you work?
- The meeting is at 10 o'clock. السؤال: When is the meeting? أو What time is the meeting?
- It costs 50 dinars. السؤال: How much does it cost?
- I visited my family yesterday. السؤال: When did you visit your family?